什么是同位语从句(同位语从句与定语从句的区别)

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一、什么叫同位语从句

什么是同位语从句(同位语从句与定语从句的区别)

一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。如:

I heard the news that our team had won.我听到了我们队获胜的消息。

I had no idea that you were here.我不知道你在这里。

二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有new,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,word(消息),possibility等。如:

I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。

三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that,whether,连接副词 how,when,where等。(注:if,which不能引导同位语从句。)如:

l have no idea When he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。

He must answer the question whether he agrees to if or not.

他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。

四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开。如:

Several years later,word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them.

几年以后,有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视察他们。

The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.

他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。

五、同位语从匈与定语从句的区别。

1、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系,即说明它前面名词的内容;而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系,即限定它前面的名词范围,或补充一些情况。如:

The news that l hove passed the exam is true.我通过了考试这一消息是真的。

(同位语从句,即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容。)

The news that he told me just now is true.他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。

(定语从句,从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用,即“他告诉我的”那个消息,而不是别的消息。)

2、引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成份,而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,除起连接作用外,还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。如:

The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.

计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。(that在从句中不充当任何成份。)

The idea that he gave surprises many people.他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。

(that在从句中作gave的宾语。)

同位语从句和定语从句的三点区别

同位语从句和定语从句很相似,但还是有区别的,区别主要在以下三方面:

同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定内涵的名词?而定语从句的先行词可以是名词?代词?主句的一部分或是整个主句?如:

The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed.人们经常讨论大多数劳动力将会在家里工作的可能性?(同位语从句)

We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.我们正在调查的问题不是他是否值得信赖的问题?(同位语从句)

Word came that he had been abroad.据说他已经出国了?(同位语从句)

Our team has won the game, which made us very happy.我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴?(定语从句)

The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.你找的那位医生在房间里面?(定语从句)

His mother did all she could to help him with his study.他妈妈尽她的最大努力帮助他的学习?(定语从句,代词all作先行词?)

定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴?如:

The news that our team has won the game was true.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的?(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息?)

The news that he told me yesterday was true.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的?(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语?)

I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有?(同位语从句,补充说明promise到底是一个什么诺言?)

The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺?(定语从句,promise在从句中作pleased的主语?)

3.从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别

有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句?如:

That question whether we need it has not been considered.我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑?(同位语从句)

I have no idea what has happened to him.我不知道他发生了什么事?(同位语从句)

引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略?that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替?如:

The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了?(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略?)

The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组?(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略?)

1. Along with the letter was his promise ____ he would visit me this coming Christmas.(2004上海春季高考)

2. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ____ I thought was a dangerous speed.(2004上海春季高考)

3. Luckily,we'd brought a road map without ____ we would have lost our way.(2004北京春季高考)

参考资料:http://edu.qq.com/a/20050314/000175.htm

二、什么是英语同位语从句

同位语从句,指的是在复合句中充当同位语的从句,属于名词性从句的范畴,同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明,被解释说明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主表关系。

一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格式要一致,并常常紧挨在一起。同位语从句即重复说明同一个称谓或事件的从句。

Mr Wang,my child’s teacher,will be visiting us on Tuesday.

王先生,我孩子的老师,星期二要来看我们。(在这里'my child's teacher'做同位语修饰'Mr Wang')

I,the oldest girl in the family,always had to care for the other children.

我,作为家里最大的女孩,总是要照料家中的其他孩子。

But now the question comes to their minds,“Did she die young because she was a clone?”

但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题:“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗?”

The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.

巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖,让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。

1)在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。

2)可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility,decision等(一般的“抽象”名词都可用)。

3)英语中引导同位语从句的词通常有连词that,whether,连接代词what,who。连接副词how,when,where等。(注:if不能引导同位语从句。)

4)有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开。

1)一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news,idea,fact,promise,hope,message等)的后面,用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。

I’ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he can't visit you this afternoon.

我从王先生那边得知一个消息,他说他今天下午可能不能来看你了。

2)有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后,而被别的词语隔开,在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。

The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.

她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。

同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式,并且往往带有限定词(word除外)加以修饰。

Where did you get the idea that I could not come?

在suggestion,advice,request,order等意为“建议;命令;要求”的名词后,同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气结构,句中的should可以省略。

Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.

老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。

三、什么是同位语从句举个例子说明下了

1、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。

2、won.我听到了我们队获胜的消息。

3、二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility等(一般的“抽象”名词都可用)。

4、我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。

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